IV Cannula - What is it & How to use it?

An IV cannula is a small, flexible tube inserted into a vein to administer fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream. This blog provides an overview of what is an Iv Cannula, including their types, intravenous cannula insertion techniques, benefits, and associated IV cannula risks, to ensure effective and safe use in medical settings.

What is an IV cannula?

An intravenous cannula is a small plastic tube inserted into a vein, typically in the hand or arm. It is used to:

• Provide fluids if you're dehydrated or unable to drink.
• Administer blood transfusions.
• Deliver medications directly into your bloodstream for more effective results.

While alternatives to an intravenous cannula may be available, some treatments are specifically designed for attaching the medical equipment or work best with intravenous administration.

Insertion of Intravenous Cannula:

• The patient is asked to either lie down or sit comfortably with their arm extended and exposed. This position helps the healthcare provider access the vein more easily.
• The healthcare provider selects an appropriate vein for intravenous cannula insertion, typically on the non-dominant arm. The chosen vein should be visible and palpable, indicating it’s suitable for cannulation.
• The selected site is cleaned with an alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of infection. This step ensures the area is sterile before insertion.
• A tourniquet is applied above the intravenous cannula insertion site. This band restricts blood flow temporarily, making the veins more prominent and easier to access. The tourniquet might cause temporary discomfort but is removed promptly.
• The healthcare provider informs the patient that they will feel a slight scratch. A needle is used to puncture the skin and vein. The cannula, which is a small plastic tube, is then threaded over the needle and into the vein. Once properly positioned, the needle is withdrawn, leaving the cannula in place.
• The cannula is secured with medical tape or a dressing to prevent movement and ensure it stays in place. The area around the cannula is checked to confirm it is secure and properly positioned.
• The primary discomfort is from the needle insertion. Patients might feel a brief scratch or pinch. If they experience any faintness or unease, they should inform the healthcare provider immediately.

Types of Intravenous Cannula:

Peripheral Intravenous Cannula: Commonly used in emergency situations, during surgery, or for radiological imaging. These cannulas are designed for short-term use and are attached to an IV catheter. They are secured with tape to prevent movement.

Central Line Intravenous Cannula: Ideal for patients requiring long-term intravenous treatments, such as chemotherapy. Central line cannulas deliver medication and fluids directly into major veins like the jugular, femoral, or subclavian veins, allowing for sustained access.

Draining Cannulas: Used to remove fluids or substances from the body, such as during liposuction. These cannulas often work with a trocar, a sharp instrument used to puncture tissue and facilitate fluid removal or insertion.

Sizes and Flow Rates:

Intravenous cannulas come in various sizes, measured in gauge. Sizes typically range from 14 to 22 gauge, with higher numbers indicating smaller cannulas. Flow rates vary accordingly; for example, a 14 gauge cannula can deliver about 270 milliliters of saline per minute, while a 22 gauge cannula delivers approximately 31 milliliters in 21 minutes.

Benefits of using an IV cannula:

Following are the benefits of iv cannula insertion.

Speed: IV therapy allows for rapid delivery of medications, nutrients, and fluids directly into the bloodstream, which is crucial for quick recovery, especially in cases of severe dehydration.

Efficiency: By bypassing the digestive system, IV therapy ensures that fluids and medications are absorbed more effectively, reaching target organs more quickly.

Convenience: An IV cannula can remain in place for several days, enabling ongoing treatment without the need for repeated needle insertions.

Risk Factors of iv cannula:

Intravenous cannulas come with some minor risks, including:

• Mild pain at the insertion site
• Risk of blood clot formation
• Possible infection at the insertion site
• Bleeding
• Bruising

Different Brands of iv cannula on Medikabazaar:

Shop for reputed brands like BD, Romsons, Cardiomac, Royal Surgicals etc on Medikabazaar online.

Becton Dickinson (BD): Known for their reliable and high-quality IV cannulas, BD offers a range of sizes and iv cannula types designed for various clinical needs, including precision and comfort.

Cardiomac IV Cannula: Known for its precision and safety, the Cardiomac IV cannula offers enhanced control and reduced risk of complications.

Royal Surgicare Umaflow IV Cannula: Provides consistent performance with its well-designed tip and secure fixation, ideal for various clinical applications.

PERICAN IV Cannula: Features advanced design for easy insertion and secure placement, suitable for both short-term and extended use.

Nufix IV Cannula: Offers a balance of comfort and durability, designed to minimize patient discomfort and ensure reliable fluid delivery.

Romsons Intra Cath IV Cannula: Designed for smooth insertion and secure venous access, ensuring comfort and reliability.

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