Dental X-rays, comprising intraoral and extraoral types, are crucial diagnostic tools in dentistry. In this blog we will look into the different types of Intraoral X-rays, such as bitewing and periapical, that provide detailed images inside the mouth, while extraoral X-rays, like panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), offer broader views outside the mouth. These imaging techniques help dentists detect dental caries, bone abnormalities, and plan orthodontic treatments effectively.

What are Dental X Rays?

Dental X rays, also known as radiographs, provide internal images of your teeth and jaws that dentists rely on to examine structures not visible during routine checkups. These images reveal details about your jawbone, nerves, sinuses, and the roots of your teeth, aiding dentists in diagnosing issues and planning treatments effectively.

Types of Dental X-Rays:

There are two main types of dental X-rays: intraoral (meaning the X-ray film is inside the mouth) and extraoral (meaning the X-ray film is outside the mouth).

Intraoral X-rays are the most frequently used type of dental X-ray, offering detailed images that enable dentists to detect cavities, assess the condition of tooth roots and surrounding bone, monitor the development of teeth, and evaluate the overall health of teeth and jawbone structures.

There are different types of Intraoral X-ray each revealing different prospects of teeth.

Bite-wing X-rays- These X-ray capture detailed views of upper and lower teeth in specific mouth areas, showcasing each tooth from crown to the supporting bone level. Dentists utilize these X-rays to identify interdental decay, assess bone density changes due to gum disease, and evaluate the fit of dental crowns and the integrity of fillings.

Periapical X-rays- These X-ray provide a comprehensive view of the entire tooth structure, extending from the crown to beyond the root's end where it anchors in the jaw. Each periapical X-ray captures this full dimension of the tooth and includes all teeth in a specific section of either the upper or lower jaw. These X-rays are essential for detecting abnormalities in the root structure and surrounding bone, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Occlusal X-rays- These X-ray offer a broad view, showcasing the complete development and positioning of teeth. Each X-ray displays the entire dental arch of either the upper or lower jaw, providing valuable insights into tooth alignment and development. These X-rays are particularly useful for assessing overall dental health and identifying issues such as impacted teeth or developmental abnormalities in both children and adults.

Extraoral X-rays primarily emphasize the jaw and skull rather than individual teeth, lacking the detail of intraoral X-rays. They are not suitable for detecting cavities or pinpointing issues with specific teeth. Instead, these X-rays are valuable for examining impacted teeth, monitoring jaw development in relation to teeth, and identifying potential concerns involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and other facial bones. They provide a broader view that aids in assessing overall dental and skeletal health beyond the scope of intraoral X-rays.

There are several types of Extraoral X-ray.

Panoramic X-rays- These X-rays capture a comprehensive view of the entire mouth, displaying all teeth in both the upper and lower jaws in a single image. They are particularly valuable for assessing the position of fully emerged and emerging teeth, detecting impacted teeth, and assisting in the diagnosis of conditions such as tumours. This type of X-ray offers a broad perspective that helps dentists evaluate overall dental health and plan appropriate treatments.

Tomograms- They focus on capturing a specific layer or "slice" within the mouth, intentionally blurring out surrounding layers. This specialized X-ray technique is invaluable for visualizing structures that would otherwise be obscured by nearby anatomical features, offering clearer insights into intricate dental or oral structures.

Cephalometric projections- They provide a comprehensive view of the entire side of the head. This type of X-ray is particularly valuable for orthodontists as it allows them to assess the relationship between the teeth, jaws, and the overall profile of the individual. By analyzing these detailed images, orthodontists can formulate precise treatment plans tailored to the patient's specific dental and skeletal characteristics.

Sialography- This is a diagnostic procedure that utilizes a radiopaque contrast agent injected into the salivary glands to visualize them on X-ray films. This technique enables dentists to examine the soft tissue of the salivary glands, which is typically not visible on standard X-rays. It is commonly ordered to investigate issues such as salivary gland blockages or conditions like Sjögren's syndrome, providing essential insights for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Computed tomography- CT scanning produces detailed three-dimensional images of the body's internal structures. Unlike traditional X-rays, CT scans are adept at revealing intricate details within the bones of the face, making them invaluable for detecting conditions like tumours or fractures. They are also instrumental in planning dental procedures such as implant placements and complex extractions. By offering precise anatomical information, CT scans enable surgeons to anticipate potential challenges and minimize risks during surgical interventions, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.

How does dental X-rays work?

• Ask the patient to sit comfortably in the dental chair. Make sure the patient is comfortable before proceeding with the X-ray.
• Place a lead apron and thyroid collar around the patient to protect them from radiation exposure.
• Carefully insert the image sensors or receptors into the patient’s mouth.
• Explain the process to the patient to keep them informed and at ease.
• Instruct the patient to hold still and maintain the required position.
• Repeat the process for additional images as needed to ensure comprehensive examination.

Uses & Application of Dental X-Ray:

Diagnosing Dental Problems: Detect cavities, tooth decay, and fractures. Identify infections, abscesses, and cysts.

Evaluating Tooth and Bone Health: Assess the health of teeth, roots, and surrounding bone structures. Monitor the condition of existing fillings, crowns, and other dental work.

Planning Dental Treatments: Aid in the planning of dental implants, braces, and other orthodontic treatments. Evaluate the positioning and alignment of teeth before and after orthodontic treatment.

Monitoring Development: Track the development of teeth in children and adolescents. Identify issues with tooth eruption or development.

Assessing Jaw and Facial Bones: Examine the jawbone for signs of damage or disease. Evaluate the relationship between teeth and jaw alignment.

Detecting Oral Health Issues: Spot early signs of oral cancer. Identify issues in the jaw joint (TMJ) and sinuses.

Pre-Surgical Planning: Provide detailed images for planning extractions, especially wisdom teeth. Ensure accurate placement of dental implants and other surgical procedures.

Is dental X-rays Machines Safe?

While dental X-rays do use radiation, the exposure levels are extremely low, making them safe for both adults and children. To enhance safety, lead aprons and thyroid collars are used to protect patients during the procedure. However, pregnant women are an exception, as developing fetuses should not be exposed to radiation. Therefore, always verify with your patients if they are pregnant before proceeding with an X-ray.

Dental X-rays are crucial diagnostic tools that provide internal images of teeth and jaws, aiding in the detection of cavities, bone abnormalities, and other dental issues. There are two main types: intraoral, which offer detailed views of individual teeth and are useful for diagnosing decay and monitoring dental health, and extraoral, which provide broader images of the jaw and skull, aiding in the assessment of overall dental and skeletal health. Despite using low levels of radiation, dental X-rays are safe for adults and children, with additional precautions taken for pregnant women.